Dubai (English pronunciation: /duːˈbaɪ/ doo-BYE; Arabic: دبيّ dubayy) is one of the seven emirates of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It is located south of the Persian Gulf on the Arabian Peninsula. The Dubai Municipality is sometimes called Dubai state to distinguish it from the emirate. Written accounts document the existence of the city for at least 150 years prior to the formation of the UAE in 1971.
Dubai has been ruled by the Al Maktoum dynasty since 1833. Its current ruler, Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, is also the Prime Minister and Vice-President of the UAE. Dubai has the largest population and is the second-largest emirate by area, after Abu Dhabi. Dubai and Abu Dhabi are the only two emirates to possess veto power over critical matters of national importance in the country's legislature.
Although Dubai's economy was originally built on the oil industry, revenues from petroleum and natural gas currently account for less than 6% of the emirate's US$ 82.11 billion economy. Currently, the emirate's main revenues are from tourism, property, and financial services. Dubai's property market experienced a major downturn in 2008 and 2009 as a result of the slowing worldwide economic climate, and a 20% correction in property values is expected by 2011.
Today, Dubai has emerged as a global city (ranking number 27 out of the 60 top global cities in 2008) and a business hub. Dubai has attracted world attention through many innovative large construction projects and sports events funded on the back of large natural gas and oil reserves.[ This increased attention has highlighted labour and human rights issues concerning its largely
South Asian workforce.
Etymology In the 1820s, Dubai was referred to as Al Wasl by British historians. Few records pertaining to the cultural history of the UAE or its constituent emirates exist; because of the region's oral traditions, folklore and myth were not written down. The linguistic origins of the word Dubai are in dispute: some believe it to have originated from Persian, while some believe that Arabic is its linguistic root. According to Fedel Handhal, researcher in the history and culture of the UAE, the word Dubai may have come from the word Daba (a derivative of Yadub), which means to creep; the word may be a reference to the slow flow of Dubai Creek inland. The poet and scholar Ahmad Mohammad Obaid traces it to the same word, but to its alternative meaning of locust.
Climate
Dubai has a hot arid climate. Summers in Dubai are extremely hot, windy and dry, with an average high around 40 °C (104 °F) and overnight lows around 30 °C (86 °F). Most days are sunny throughout the year. Winters are warm and short with an average high of 23 °C (73 °F) and overnight lows of 14 °C (57 °F). Precipitation, however, has been increasing in the last few decades with accumulated rain reaching 150 mm (5.91 in) per year.
Climate data for Dubai | Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 31
(88) | 31
(88) | 41
(106) | 41
(106) | 45
(113) | 45
(113) | 47
(117) | 48
(118) | 43
(109) | 40
(104) | 41
(106) | 31
(88) | 48
(118) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 24.0
(75) | 25.4
(78) | 28.2
(83) | 32.9
(91) | 37.6
(100) | 39.5
(103) | 40.8
(105) | 41.3
(106) | 38.9
(102) | 35.4
(96) | 30.5
(87) | 26.2
(79) | 33.4
(92) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 14.3
(58) | 15.4
(60) | 17.6
(64) | 20.8
(69) | 24.6
(76) | 27.2
(81) | 29.9
(86) | 30.2
(86) | 27.5
(82) | 23.9
(75) | 19.9
(68) | 16.3
(61) | 22.3
(72) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 8
(46) | 7
(45) | 11
(52) | 8
(46) | 17
(63) | 22
(72) | 25
(77) | 25
(77) | 22
(72) | 16
(61) | 13
(55) | 10
(50) | 7
(45) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 15.6
(0.61) | 25.0
(0.98) | 21.0
(0.83) | 7.0
(0.28) | 0.4
(0.02) | 0.0
(0) | 0.8
(0.03) | 0.0
(0) | 0.0
(0) | 1.2
(0.05) | 2.7
(0.11) | 14.9
(0.59) | 88.6
(3.49) |
| Avg. precipitation days | 5 | 7 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 28 |
| Source #1: Dubai Meteorological Office 2008 |
Parks
Downtown Burj Dubai and Business Bay, seen from Safa Park
Dubai has a number of amusement parks and gardens. In addition, there are numerous small parks and heritage villages. Dubai Municipality's Strategic Plan for 2007-2011 seeks to increase the per capita green area to 23.4 square meter and the cultivated land in urban areas to 3.15% by 2011. The Municipality has started a greenery project which will be completed in four phases planting 10,000 trees in each phase.Famous parks include:
- Creekside Park,
- Bur Dubai Safa Park,
- Sheikh Zayed RoadAl Mumzar Beach Park, Deira,
- DubaiJumeirah Open Beach Park,
- Jumeirah Beach RoadZa'abeel Park,
- Sheikh Zayed roadMushrif Park, Deira,
- Dubai Wild Wadi Water Park,
- Jumeirah Beach Road Wonderland Amusement Park, Bur Dubai
Transportation
Main article: Transportation in Dubai Transport in Dubai is controlled by the Roads and Transport authority. The public transport network faces huge congestion and reliability issues which a large investment programme is attempting to address, including over AED 70 billion of improvements planned for completion by 2020, when the population of the city is projected to exceed 3.5 million. In 2009, according to Dubai Municipality statistics, there were an estimated 1,021,880 cars in Dubai. In January 2010, the number of Dubai residents who use public transport stood at 6%. Although the government has invested heavily in the Dubai's road infrastructure, this has not kept pace with the increasing number of vehicles. This, coupled with the induced traffic phenomenon, has led to growing problems of congestion.
Road
A Dubai Bus in Dubai Marina
Five main routes — E 11 (Sheikh Zayed Road), E 311 (Emirates Road), E 44 (Dubai-Hatta Highway), E 77 (Dubai-Al Habab Road) and E 66 (Oud Metha Road) — run through Dubai, connecting the city to other towns and emirates. Additionally, several important intra-city routes, such as D 89 (Al Maktoum Road/Airport Road), D 85 (Baniyas Road), D 75 (Sheikh Rashid Road), D 73 (Al Dhiyafa Road), D 94 (Jumeirah Road) and D 92 (Al Khaleej/Al Wasl Road) connect the various localities in the city. The eastern and western sections of the city are connected by Al Maktoum Bridge, Al Garhoud Bridge, Al Shindagha Tunnel, Business Bay Crossing and Floating Bridge.
Bus service
The Public Bus Transport system in Dubai is run by the Roads and Transport Authority (RTA). The bus system services 140 routes and transported over about 109.5 million people in 2008. By the end of 2010, there will be 2,100 buses in service across the city. The Transport authority has announced the construction of 500 air-conditioned (A/C) Passenger Bus Shelters, and has plan for 1,000 more across the emirates in a move to encourage the use of public buses.
Taxi
Dubai also has an extensive taxi system, by far the most frequently used means of public transport within the Emirate. There are both government-operated and private cab companies. There are more than 3000 taxis operating within the emirate. Taxi cabs in Dubai make an average of 192,000 trips every day, lifting about 385,000 persons. In 2009 taxi trips exceeded 70 million trips serving around 140.45 million passengers
Air
Terminal 3 at Dubai International Airport. The Terminal is exclusively for Emirates Airline.
Dubai International Airport (IATA: DXB), the hub for the Emirates Airline, serves the city of Dubai and other emirates in the country. The airport was the 15th busiest airport in the world by passenger traffic handling 40.9 million passengers in 2009. The airport was also the 6th busiest airport in the world by international passenger traffic. In addition to being an important passenger traffic hub, the airport is the 7th busiest cargo airport in world, handling 1.927 million tonnes of cargo in 2009, a 5.6% increase compared to 2008 and was also the 4th busiest International freight traffic airport in world. Emirates Airline is the national airline of Dubai. As of 2009, it operated internationally serving 101 destinations in 61 countries across six continents.
The development of Al Maktoum International Airport, currently under construction in Jebel Ali, was announced in 2004. Plans called for a dedicated road between the current Dubai International Airport and the new one, but currently progress is stalled.
Rail
Dubai Metro
Dubai MetroA $3.89 billion Dubai Metro project is currently under construction. The Metro system was partially opened on September 2009 and will be fully operational by 2014. UK-based international service company Serco Group is responsible for operating the metro. The metro comprises the Green Line from Al Rashidiya to the main city center and the Red Line from the airport to Jebel Ali. A Blue and a Purple Line have also been planned. The Dubai Metro (Green and Blue Lines) will have 70 kilometers of track and 43 stations, 37 above ground and ten underground. The Dubai Metro is the first urban train network in the Arabian Peninsula.
GCC Railway
Dubai has announced it will complete a link of the UAE high speed rail system which will eventually hook up with the whole GCC and then possibly Europe. The High Speed Rail would serve passengers and cargo.
Palm Jumeirah monorail
Abras are the traditional mode of transport between Deira and Bur Dubai.
The Palm Jumeirah Monorail is a monorail line on the Palm Jumeirah. The monorail connects the Palm Jumeirah to the mainland, with a planned further extension to the Red Line of the Dubai Metro. The line opened on April 30, 2009. It is the first monorail in the Middle East.
Tramway
Two trams systems are expected to be built in Dubai by 2011. The first is the Downtown Burj Khalifa Tram System and the second is the Al Sufouh Tram. The Downtown Burj Khalifa Tram System is a 4.6 km tram service that is planned to service the area around the Burj Khalifa, and the second tram will run 14.5 kilometres along Al Sufouh Road from Dubai Marina to the Burj Al Arab and the Mall of the Emirates.
Waterways
There are two major commercial ports in Dubai, Port Rashid and Port Jebel Ali. Port Jebel Ali is the world's largest man-made harbour, the biggest port in the Middle East, and the 7th-busiest port in the world. One of the more traditional methods of getting across Bur Dubai to Deira is through abras, small boats that ferry passengers across the Dubai Creek, between abra stations in Bastakiya and Baniyas Road. The Marine Transport Agency has also implemented the Dubai Water Bus System.
Twin towns — Sister cities Dubai has 33 sister cities, and most of the twinning agreements have been done post-2002.
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